The intricate network of veins in our legs plays a vital role in returning blood to the heart. When these veins malfunction, it can lead to conditions like varicose veins and, more seriously, deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Fortunately, medical technology offers a non-invasive and highly effective tool for visualising these vessels and identifying potential problems: ultrasound. This imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time pictures of the veins, allowing healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose these conditions and determine the best course of action.

Ultrasound: A Window Into Your Veins

Venous ultrasound is a safe and painless procedure that doesn’t involve radiation. A trained technician applies a gel to the skin of your leg and then moves a small, handheld device called a transducer over the area being examined. The transducer emits sound waves that penetrate the skin and underlying tissues, bouncing off the blood vessels. These echoes are then captured by the transducer and converted into detailed images displayed on a monitor. The real-time nature of the ultrasound allows the technician to observe blood flow, assess the structure of the veins, and identify any abnormalities that might indicate varicose veins or blood clots.

Diagnosing Varicose Veins With Ultrasound

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear close to the surface of the skin, most commonly in the legs and feet. While they can sometimes be diagnosed through a simple physical examination, ultrasound provides a more comprehensive understanding of their underlying causes and extent. During an ultrasound for varicose veins, the technician can:

Assess Vein Structure and Function

Ultrasound allows visualisation of the vein walls and valves, which normally prevent blood from flowing backward. In varicose veins, these valves may be damaged or weakened, leading to blood pooling and vein enlargement.

Map the Affected Veins

For individuals considering treatment for varicose veins, ultrasound helps create a detailed map of the affected veins, crucial for planning procedures like sclerotherapy or ablation.

Rule Out Other Conditions

Leg pain or swelling can have various causes. Ultrasound can help differentiate varicose veins from other venous conditions or non-vascular problems.

Detecting Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) With Ultrasound

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg. DVT can be life-threatening if the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Ultrasound is the primary imaging method for diagnosing DVT due to its accuracy, non-invasive nature, and ability to be performed quickly. During an ultrasound to search for blood clots, the technician will visualize the deep veins, allowing direct observation of the major vessels in the leg, such as the femoral and popliteal veins. The presence of a clot can be identified as a distinct mass on the ultrasound image.

What Can Be Done About Varicose Veins

If ultrasound confirms the presence of varicose veins, several treatment options are available, ranging from conservative measures to minimally invasive procedures:

Conservative Management

Lifestyle changes like regular exercise, weight management, elevating the legs, and wearing compression stockings can help improve blood circulation and alleviate symptoms.

Sclerotherapy

This involves injecting a solution directly into the varicose veins, causing them to collapse and fade.

Ablation Therapy (Radiofrequency or Laser)

These minimally invasive procedures use heat to close off the affected veins, redirecting blood flow to healthier vessels.

Ambulatory Phlebectomy

Small incisions are made to surgically remove superficial varicose veins.

Vein Stripping and Ligation

A more traditional surgical approach involves tying off and removing larger varicose veins, though it’s not as common now.

The best course of treatment for varicose veins depends on the individual’s symptoms, the size and location of the affected veins, and their overall health. A vascular specialist can discuss the options and recommend the most appropriate approach based on the ultrasound findings and a thorough evaluation.

Contact the Renaissance Laser and Vein Institute today to learn more.